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A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement. KPIs evaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity in which it engages. Often success is simply the repeated, periodic achievement of some levels of operational goal (e.g. zero defects, 10/10 customer satisfaction, etc.), and sometimes success is defined in terms of making progress toward strategic goals.〔(Key Performance Indicators – What Are Key Performance Indicators or KPI )〕 Accordingly, choosing the right KPIs relies upon a good understanding of what is important to the organization.〔(Developing Meaningful Key Performance Indicators )〕 'What is important' often depends on the department measuring the performance - e.g. the KPIs useful to finance will really differ from the KPIs assigned to sales. Since there is a need to understand well what is important, various techniques to assess the present state of the business, and its key activities, are associated with the selection of performance indicators. These assessments often lead to the identification of potential improvements, so performance indicators are routinely associated with 'performance improvement' initiatives. A very common way to choose KPIs is to apply a management framework such as the balanced scorecard. ==Categorization of indicators== There are four types of performance measures, which fall into two groups: * Result Indicators (RIs) / Key Result Indicators (KRIs): they reflect the fact that many measures are a summation of more than one team's input. These measures are useful in looking at the combined teamwork but do not help management fix a problem as it is difficult to pinpoint which teams were responsible for the performance or nonperformance. * Performance Indicators (PIs) / Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): they are measures that can be tied to a team or a cluster of teams working closely together for a common purpose. Good or bad performance is now the responsibility of one team: these measures thus give clarity and ownership. 〔Parmenter, D. (2010). Key performance indicators: Developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs, second edition (2nd ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.〕 KPIs represent a set of measures focusing on those aspects of organizational performance that are the most critical for the current and future success of the organization. KPIs are rarely new to the organization. Either they have not been recognized or they were gathering dust somewhere unknown to the current management team.〔http://davidparmenter.com/files/how-to-implement-winning-kpis-in-16-weeks-article.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Performance indicator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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